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Robots in Space
Scientists have long understood the need to develop robots that can not only help in our exploration of space but that are also robust enough to withstand. The rigors of space travel and extensive periods of time without human intervention and that is no mean feat robots have been used with varying degrees of success in many a space mission. They're employed in situations where it's not yet possible to send a human and they can be used in extreme temperature or even travel for years without needing things. The same way that humans do which also makes robots exploration much cheaper than sending people generally the robots are out doing their thing in space and have been developed and launched by NASA in recent decades.
There are many different kinds of robots that have their own specifications like rovers. The kind that you've heard of that have been doing their thing on mars than there's the robots that are out there in search of water possibly off to investigate. The surface of distant moons seeking out signs of life elsewhere in the solar system then the creepiest of the NASA robots are probably. The humanoid ones with the appearance that's not dissimilar to a storm trooper crossed with an action figure of a wrestler and these figures are designed to be employed where the human body is best suited to perform a task but it's otherwise unsafe or expensive to send in a real-life human.
Introduction:
- The space environment represents one of the most challenging applications of robotics.
- Robotics is a field that has been magnified by it's association to space research
- The most important thing to note is that the scale of success in space systems is same as that for biological system i.e. "Survival of the fittest ".
Robotic Spacecraft :
A robotics spacecraft is an uncrewed spacecraft, usually under telerobotic control. A robotic Spacecraft designed to make scientific research measurements is often called a space probe. Many space mission are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed operation, due to lower cost and lower risk factors. In addition, some planetary destinations such as Venus or the vicinity of Jupiter are too hostile for human survival, given current technology. Outer planets such as Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are too distant to reach with current crewed spacecraft technology, so telerobotic probes are the only way to explore them.
Why Robots?
- They can work efficiently in a hostile, non terrestrial environment
- Planetary Surfaces can be explored more cheaply and quickly
- Expensive and dangerous extra vehicular activities can be reduced
History:
The first robotics spacecraft launched by the soviet union (USSR) on 22 July 1951, a suborbital flight carrying two dogs Dezik and Tsygan. Four other such flights were made through the fall of 1951.
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was put into a 215-by-939-kilometer (116 by 507 nm) Earth orbit by the USSR on 4 October 1957. On 3 November 1957, the USSR orbited Sputnik 2. Weighing 113 kilograms (249 lb), Sputnik 2 carried the first living animal into orbit, the dog Laika.[2] Since the satellite was not designed to detach from its launch vehicle's upper stage, the total mass in orbit was 508.3 kilograms.
Pictures:
3 Incredible Space Robots Used for Space Exploration and Travel
Space Robot 1: Sputnik 1
The first robot ever sent to space was Sputnik 1, sent by the USSR on October 4, 1957, according to NASA. Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite and the first object created by humans to orbit Earth. The launch of Sputnik 1 marked the beginning of the notorious “space race” between the United States and the USSR. Thereafter, engineers increasingly began constructing robots to be sent to non-terrestrial planets for a variety of purposes ranging from close-up photography of planets to determination of whether other planets sustain life.
Space Robot 2: Mariner 2 and 4
According to Universe Today, on December 14, 1962, the American space probe Mariner 2 became the first robotic space probe to complete a successful Venus flyby. Mariner 4, the first orbiter sent to space, then took the first proximal photos of Mars on July 14, 1965. While the role of landers is primarily to detect signs of life on planets, the role of orbiters is primarily to take photos for scientists to observe and analyse. Since the roles of these robots are different, orbiters and landers have frequently been sent to explore space in tandem.
Space Robot 3: Viking 1 and 2
On August 20, 1975, NASA’s Viking project commenced when Viking 1 was launched to explore Mars, according to NASA. Shortly thereafter, on September 9, 1975, an identical spacecraft by the name of Viking 2 was launched with the same mission. Both spacecrafts were equipped with the same robotic technology as Mariners 2 and 4 - a lander and an orbiter. The orbiters’ roles were to photograph Mars’ surface, while the landers were to land on the planet and collect data in order for scientists to learn more about whether life exists on Mars. The orbiters from each spacecraft flew together, but the landers eventually separated to explore different regions of Mars’ surface.
Image: Viking 1 (Via NASA JPL)
Nearly a year later, on July 20, 1976, Viking lander 1 became the first United States spacecraft to land on the surface of Mars, specifically landing in a region known as Chryse Planitia. On September 3, 1976 the Viking 2 lander touched down at a different region of the planet, known as Utopia Planitia. While the Viking mission was only expected to last 90 days after each lander touched down, both landers overstayed beyond their designed lifetimes. Viking Orbiter 1 completed 1,489 orbits, ending its mission on August 7, 1980 while Viking Orbiter 2 concluded its mission on July 25, 1978. Both landers were powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators which enable them to transmit information to Earth for longer time spans. Viking Lander 1’s final transmission to Earth was on November 11, 1982 while Viking Lander 2’s last transmission was April 11, 1980.
Are there any robots in a space?
There are currently two working robots, R1 and R2. R1 and R2 are both highly capable robots and are able to handle a wide range of tools and tasks. Robots 2 or R2 was flown to t the space stations as part of STS-133 mission and was the first humanoid robot in space.
What are robots used for in space?
Robots in space are devices which used to aid, augment and substitute for the astronauts to do difficult tasks such as repairs in dangerous environments, they capture videos and pictures. All space robots are similar, they have the controller, actuators, the sensor, the power supply, and the ratio communication.
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